{"id":1718,"date":"2025-06-27T16:15:32","date_gmt":"2025-06-27T14:15:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/?p=1718"},"modified":"2025-06-27T16:15:32","modified_gmt":"2025-06-27T14:15:32","slug":"governing-law-clauses-in-international-contracts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/governing-law-clauses-in-international-contracts\/","title":{"rendered":"Governing Law Clauses in International Contracts"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 data-start=\"394\" data-end=\"598\">A Practical Guide under Italian Law<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"394\" data-end=\"598\">In international contracts, the <strong data-start=\"426\" data-end=\"450\">governing law clauses<\/strong> plays a crucial role. They determine which legal system will govern the agreement in case of disputes, performance issues, or interpretative doubts.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"600\" data-end=\"940\">This article provides a short practical overview of how to draft and apply governing law clauses in international contracts involving Italy. We cover what qualifies as an international contract, the validity of the clause under Italian law, what happens when no law is chosen, and when the <strong data-start=\"884\" data-end=\"917\">1980 Vienna Convention (CISG)<\/strong> applies automatically.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"947\" data-end=\"984\">What is an international contract?<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"986\" data-end=\"1109\">A contract is considered international when it presents <strong data-start=\"1042\" data-end=\"1087\">connections to more than one legal system<\/strong>. This may occur when:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1111\" data-end=\"1296\">\n<li data-start=\"1111\" data-end=\"1160\">\n<p data-start=\"1113\" data-end=\"1160\">the parties are based in different countries;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1161\" data-end=\"1227\">\n<p data-start=\"1163\" data-end=\"1227\">the place of performance differs from the place of conclusion;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1228\" data-end=\"1296\">\n<p data-start=\"1230\" data-end=\"1296\">the subject matter of the contract involves cross-border movement.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1298\" data-end=\"1471\">Even one international element is enough to trigger the application of <strong data-start=\"1369\" data-end=\"1406\">Italian private international law<\/strong> (Law No. 218\/1995) and <strong data-start=\"1430\" data-end=\"1454\">EU Regulation Rome I<\/strong> (Reg. 593\/2008).<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"1478\" data-end=\"1520\">Why a governing law clause is essential<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1522\" data-end=\"1577\">Including a governing law clause offers key advantages:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1579\" data-end=\"1865\">\n<li data-start=\"1579\" data-end=\"1623\">\n<p data-start=\"1581\" data-end=\"1623\"><strong data-start=\"1581\" data-end=\"1600\">Legal certainty<\/strong> in case of disputes;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1624\" data-end=\"1713\">\n<p data-start=\"1626\" data-end=\"1713\"><strong data-start=\"1626\" data-end=\"1644\">Predictability<\/strong> of applicable rules for performance, interpretation and liability;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1714\" data-end=\"1781\">\n<p data-start=\"1716\" data-end=\"1781\"><strong data-start=\"1716\" data-end=\"1750\">Avoidance of costly litigation<\/strong> over conflict-of-law issues;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1782\" data-end=\"1865\">\n<p data-start=\"1784\" data-end=\"1865\"><strong data-start=\"1784\" data-end=\"1806\">Strategic leverage<\/strong> if the chosen law is that of the drafting party\u2019s country.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1867\" data-end=\"1987\">Without this clause, courts will apply default conflict rules, which may lead to unexpected or less favourable outcomes.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"1994\" data-end=\"2023\">Validity under Italian law<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2025\" data-end=\"2129\">Under <strong data-start=\"2031\" data-end=\"2055\">EU Regulation Rome I<\/strong>, parties are free to choose the law governing their contract, as long as:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2131\" data-end=\"2249\">\n<li data-start=\"2131\" data-end=\"2170\">\n<p data-start=\"2133\" data-end=\"2170\">the choice is clearly expressed, or<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2171\" data-end=\"2249\">\n<p data-start=\"2173\" data-end=\"2249\">it is clearly implied from the terms of the contract or the circumstances.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2251\" data-end=\"2367\"><strong data-start=\"2251\" data-end=\"2289\">Article 57 of Italian Law 218\/1995<\/strong> incorporates this principle even when the contract involves non-EU countries.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"2369\" data-end=\"2394\">Mandatory limitations<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2396\" data-end=\"2461\">However, certain rules prevail regardless of the parties\u2019 choice:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"2463\" data-end=\"2710\">\n<li data-start=\"2463\" data-end=\"2530\">\n<p data-start=\"2466\" data-end=\"2530\"><strong data-start=\"2466\" data-end=\"2501\">Overriding mandatory provisions<\/strong> of Italian or foreign law;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2531\" data-end=\"2588\">\n<p data-start=\"2534\" data-end=\"2588\"><strong data-start=\"2534\" data-end=\"2566\">Public policy (ordre public)<\/strong> of the forum State;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2589\" data-end=\"2710\">\n<p data-start=\"2592\" data-end=\"2710\">Special protection rules for <strong data-start=\"2621\" data-end=\"2673\">consumers, employees and insurance policyholders<\/strong>, which cannot be waived by contract.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 data-start=\"2717\" data-end=\"2766\">How to draft effective governing law clauses<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2768\" data-end=\"2852\">To ensure enforceability and clarity, use precise and complete wording. For example:<\/p>\n<blockquote data-start=\"2854\" data-end=\"3090\">\n<p data-start=\"2856\" data-end=\"3090\"><em data-start=\"2856\" data-end=\"3090\">\u201cThis Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Republic of Italy, excluding its conflict of law rules and the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG).\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 data-start=\"3092\" data-end=\"3110\">Drafting tips:<\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3112\" data-end=\"3492\">\n<li data-start=\"3112\" data-end=\"3155\">\n<p data-start=\"3114\" data-end=\"3155\">Clearly specify the <strong data-start=\"3134\" data-end=\"3152\">applicable law<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3156\" data-end=\"3237\">\n<p data-start=\"3158\" data-end=\"3237\">Indicate whether the <strong data-start=\"3179\" data-end=\"3187\">CISG<\/strong> or other uniform laws are included or excluded;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3238\" data-end=\"3311\">\n<p data-start=\"3240\" data-end=\"3311\">Align the clause with any <strong data-start=\"3266\" data-end=\"3308\">jurisdiction or arbitration provisions<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3312\" data-end=\"3377\">\n<p data-start=\"3314\" data-end=\"3377\">In multilingual contracts, define the <strong data-start=\"3352\" data-end=\"3374\">prevailing version<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3378\" data-end=\"3492\">\n<p data-start=\"3380\" data-end=\"3492\">Consider a \u201c<strong data-start=\"3392\" data-end=\"3412\">static reference<\/strong>\u201d clause (e.g. \u201claws as in force on the date of execution\u201d) for legal certainty.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-start=\"3499\" data-end=\"3535\">What happens if no law is chosen?<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3537\" data-end=\"3620\">If the parties do not select a governing law, <strong data-start=\"3583\" data-end=\"3613\">default rules under Rome I<\/strong> apply:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3622\" data-end=\"3890\">\n<li data-start=\"3622\" data-end=\"3777\">The applicable law shall be based upon the nature of the contract; or<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3622\" data-end=\"3777\">\n<p data-start=\"3624\" data-end=\"3777\">The contract will be governed by the law of the country of the party performing the <strong data-start=\"3708\" data-end=\"3737\">characteristic performance<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3778\" data-end=\"3890\">\n<p data-start=\"3780\" data-end=\"3890\">Exceptionally, the contract is governed by the law of the country with which it is <strong data-start=\"3863\" data-end=\"3889\">most closely connected<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3892\" data-end=\"3984\">In all cases, the absence of a choice increases the risk of litigation and unpredictability.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"3991\" data-end=\"4038\">When Italian law applies: beware of the CISG<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"4040\" data-end=\"4231\">If Italian law ends up governing the contract (either by choice or default), the <strong data-start=\"4121\" data-end=\"4206\">United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (<a href=\"https:\/\/uncitral.un.org\/en\/texts\/salegoods\/conventions\/sale_of_goods\/cisg\">CISG<\/a>)<\/strong> may automatically apply.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4233\" data-end=\"4286\">Italy is a signatory to the CISG, so it applies when:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4288\" data-end=\"4434\">\n<li data-start=\"4288\" data-end=\"4369\">\n<p data-start=\"4290\" data-end=\"4369\">the parties have their places of business in different CISG member countries;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4370\" data-end=\"4434\">\n<p data-start=\"4372\" data-end=\"4434\">the contract concerns the <strong data-start=\"4398\" data-end=\"4415\">sale of goods<\/strong> (unless excluded).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4436\" data-end=\"4500\">To <strong data-start=\"4439\" data-end=\"4459\">exclude the CISG<\/strong>, the parties must do so expressly, e.g.:<\/p>\n<blockquote data-start=\"4502\" data-end=\"4581\">\n<p data-start=\"4504\" data-end=\"4581\"><em data-start=\"4504\" data-end=\"4581\">\u201cThis contract is governed by Italian law, with the exclusion of the CISG.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-start=\"4583\" data-end=\"4669\">If no exclusion is made, the CISG will apply by default \u2014 even if it is not mentioned.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4671\" data-end=\"4856\">Depending on the context, the CISG may benefit the seller (often the Italian party), but in certain industries or sectors, parties may prefer to rely on domestic law provisions instead.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"4863\" data-end=\"4921\">Key recommendations<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"4923\" data-end=\"4997\">If you are drafting or negotiating a contract with a foreign counterpart:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4999\" data-end=\"5297\">\n<li data-start=\"4999\" data-end=\"5054\">\n<p data-start=\"5001\" data-end=\"5054\"><strong data-start=\"5001\" data-end=\"5051\">Include a clear and valid governing law clause<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5055\" data-end=\"5114\">\n<p data-start=\"5057\" data-end=\"5114\">Coordinate it with jurisdiction or arbitration clauses;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5115\" data-end=\"5181\">\n<p data-start=\"5117\" data-end=\"5181\">Carefully evaluate whether to <strong data-start=\"5147\" data-end=\"5178\">include or exclude the CISG<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5182\" data-end=\"5297\">\n<p data-start=\"5184\" data-end=\"5297\">If the applicable is the Italian law, identify and comply with any <strong data-start=\"5213\" data-end=\"5247\">mandatory rules of Italian law<\/strong> (e.g. anti-bribery, sanctions, export control).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"5299\" data-end=\"5422\">A well-drafted clause not only reduces legal risk \u2014 it also positions you for stronger, more efficient negotiation.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"5429\" data-end=\"5442\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"5444\" data-end=\"5598\">A governing law clause is not a formality \u2014 it\u2019s a fundamental tool to manage risk, reduce cost, and ensure legal certainty in international transactions.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5600\" data-end=\"5864\">Our law firm regularly assists foreign companies and international law firms with contract drafting, review, and negotiation under Italian law. We provide legal advice in both Italian and English, with a focus on clarity, enforceability, and cross-border strategy.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"5866\" data-end=\"5918\">Need help with a contract involving Italian law?<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"5920\" data-end=\"5990\"><a href=\"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/uscontact-us\/\"><strong data-start=\"5920\" data-end=\"5934\">Contact us<\/strong><\/a> for an initial consultation \u2014 we\u2019ll be happy to assist.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5920\" data-end=\"5990\">\n<p data-start=\"5920\" data-end=\"5990\"><strong data-start=\"237\" data-end=\"251\">Disclaimer<\/strong><br data-start=\"251\" data-end=\"254\" \/>The content of this article is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice, nor does it establish an attorney-client relationship. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information herein, laws and regulations may change, and their application may vary depending on specific circumstances. Readers are strongly advised to seek independent legal advice before making any decisions based on this content. For personalized legal assistance, please contact our firm directly.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A practical guide to governing law clauses validity under the Italian law for domestic companies and foreign businesses and law firms<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1720,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1718","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-in-evidenza-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Governing Law Clauses in International Contracts<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A practical guide to governing law clauses in international contracts: key rules under Italian law, Rome I Regulation and CISG.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/governing-law-clauses-in-international-contracts\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Governing Law Clauses in International Contracts\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A practical guide to governing law clauses in international contracts: key rules under Italian law, Rome I Regulation and CISG.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/governing-law-clauses-in-international-contracts\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PAD lex\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-27T14:15:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/padlex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Governing-law.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"853\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Lorenzo Princivalle\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Lorenzo Princivalle\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/governing-law-clauses-in-international-contracts\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/governing-law-clauses-in-international-contracts\/\",\"name\":\"Governing Law Clauses in International Contracts\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/padlex.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/governing-law-clauses-in-international-contracts\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/governing-law-clauses-in-international-contracts\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/padlex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Governing-law.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-27T14:15:32+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/padlex.com\/#\/schema\/person\/fccecb8465eaf5e7d6d11093c7ca5f97\"},\"description\":\"A practical guide to governing law clauses in international contracts: key rules under Italian law, Rome I Regulation and CISG.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/governing-law-clauses-in-international-contracts\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/governing-law-clauses-in-international-contracts\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/padlex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Governing-law.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/padlex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Governing-law.jpg\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":853,\"caption\":\"Geverning law clauses\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/padlex.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/padlex.com\/\",\"name\":\"PAD lex\",\"description\":\"Studio legale \u2013 Associazione Professionale\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/padlex.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/padlex.com\/#\/schema\/person\/fccecb8465eaf5e7d6d11093c7ca5f97\",\"name\":\"Lorenzo Princivalle\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/padlex.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/96d59f4d6d6555e8c29757f2b6119236bcef164991764ef24706b0f7fb43d697?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/96d59f4d6d6555e8c29757f2b6119236bcef164991764ef24706b0f7fb43d697?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Lorenzo Princivalle\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/author\/lprincivalle\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Governing Law Clauses in International Contracts","description":"A practical guide to governing law clauses in international contracts: key rules under Italian law, Rome I Regulation and CISG.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/governing-law-clauses-in-international-contracts\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Governing Law Clauses in International Contracts","og_description":"A practical guide to governing law clauses in international contracts: key rules under Italian law, Rome I Regulation and CISG.","og_url":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/governing-law-clauses-in-international-contracts\/","og_site_name":"PAD lex","article_published_time":"2025-06-27T14:15:32+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1280,"height":853,"url":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Governing-law.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Lorenzo Princivalle","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Lorenzo Princivalle","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/governing-law-clauses-in-international-contracts\/","url":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/governing-law-clauses-in-international-contracts\/","name":"Governing Law Clauses in International Contracts","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/governing-law-clauses-in-international-contracts\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/governing-law-clauses-in-international-contracts\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Governing-law.jpg","datePublished":"2025-06-27T14:15:32+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/#\/schema\/person\/fccecb8465eaf5e7d6d11093c7ca5f97"},"description":"A practical guide to governing law clauses in international contracts: key rules under Italian law, Rome I Regulation and CISG.","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/governing-law-clauses-in-international-contracts\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/governing-law-clauses-in-international-contracts\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Governing-law.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Governing-law.jpg","width":1280,"height":853,"caption":"Geverning law clauses"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/","name":"PAD lex","description":"Studio legale \u2013 Associazione Professionale","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/#\/schema\/person\/fccecb8465eaf5e7d6d11093c7ca5f97","name":"Lorenzo Princivalle","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/96d59f4d6d6555e8c29757f2b6119236bcef164991764ef24706b0f7fb43d697?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/96d59f4d6d6555e8c29757f2b6119236bcef164991764ef24706b0f7fb43d697?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Lorenzo Princivalle"},"url":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/author\/lprincivalle\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1718","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1718"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1718\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1722,"href":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1718\/revisions\/1722"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1720"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1718"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1718"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/padlex.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}